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The operating system of a computer has a number of main functions: It has the task of managing the computer resources, this manages the use of the CPU, allocation of memory, access to disk drives etc. all of the input and output functions of the computer are controlled by the operating system. 
The next task is to interact with the user, it is the task of the operating system to provide a means of doing this easily and consistently.

Machine and peripheral management:
The operating system controls the whole machine and all the components inside. It also controls peripherals like keyboards, mouse and printers.

Security:
The operating system needs to make sure that everything works properly and that there is no unauthorized access that can harm your data. The operating system also controls security features such as passwords and firewalls.

File management:
The operating system needs to have file management to show files, create new files, deleting, editing and other functions linked to the files.

Device drivers:
Drivers are programs that tell the operating system what to do with this particular device. For example if you intend to use an old printer that your computer does not recognize  to make it work properly with your computer, drivers must be installed.