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Processor: The processor, or central processing unit, is the brain of the computer. The more powerful the processor is, the faster your PC will run. The speed of a processor is measured in gigahertz. 

Motherboard: The motherboard is the main circuit board of your computer and is also known as the mainboard or logic board. Components attached to the motherboard include; the CPU, ROM, memory RAM expansion slots, PCI slots, and USB ports. It also includes controllers for devices like the hard drive, DVD drive, keyboard, and mouse.

BIOS (basic input output system): This is a chip located on the motherboard that holds the instructions and setup for how the system should load and operate.

Power supply: The power supply moderates the amount of power that is used around the computer and it's many components to protect any chips from frying. This is what relays the power to the components.

Hard drive: This is the main storage device of the computer, any software and programs accessed by the computer will be stored here.

Pen driver: this is an external storage device which can exchange files and information between itself and the computer. 

Twisted pair cable: These are made by twisting two separate insulated wires together. There are two variants of this cable; shielded, which protect against transmissions and unshielded; which do not.

Scanner: This is used to scan a sheet of paper from which the image on this paper can be transferred to a digital image to the computer on screen.

Fan and heat sink or cooling: This is used to keep the central processor units inside the computer cool, it does this by expelling the hot air from inside the computer to the outside of the computer.

Internal memory RAM: The greater amount of Ram a computer has, the faster and smoother the computer will run software and how many things you can run at once.

Usb port: This is where an exterior usb may connect to the computer and give and recieve files and information to and from the input and output sources.

Graphics card: Graphics cards are PCBs (printed circuit boards) that perform the dual role of sending pixels to the display and providing a specific type of processing using a GPU (graphical processing unit).

Printer: This is used to print images and documents from the computer and onto paper.